Study of the generation, distribution of the plum fruit moth in Mongolia. Lepidoptera: (Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, 1835)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/mjgg.v62i46.4176Keywords:
Plum fruit moth, PFM, Distribution, Damage, PCRAbstract
In recent years, in our country, the variety and amount of fruit and berry cultivation has been increasing. In connection with this, many types of pests and diseases have appeared and increased in some years, making it difficult to harvest. In 2020 and 2021, during the surveillance survey to determine the type, species, distribution, and damage of harmful organisms in the western region, there was an increase in plum fruit moths in the plum plantations in Bulgan soum, Khovd Province. In 30 percent of the surveyed area, one larva was found per tree in 30-40 percent of the fruit. In 2021, 80-90 percent of the plum trees of Sant soum, Uvurkhangai province, In 2024, 70-90 percent of the total area of Khaliun soum plums and 35-45 percent of trees in Gobi-Altai province, it was determined that 60-70 percent of the area of Biger soum, 10-20 percent of trees, and 100 percent of trees in the total area of Bulgan soum of Khovd province. Also, in 2020 was an increase in plum fruit moths in the plum field planted in Jargalant village, Songinohairkhan district, Ulaanbaatar city, and there was an increase of 2024 year, and when 300 fruits were examined, 50-60% were infected with plum fruit moth. We collected infected fruit samples from Bulgan soum, Khovd province and Songinokhairkhan district of the capital, and obtained mature moths from the lab to confirm the species identification by morphological identification and PCR.
Чавганы үрч эрвээхэйн Монгол орон дахь тархалт, үе удмын хөгжлийн судалгаа. Lepidoptera: Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, 1835
ХУРААНГУЙ: Манай оронд сүүлийн жилүүдэд жимс, жимсгэний таримлын нэр төрөл, тариалах хэмжээ нэмэгдэж байна. Үүнтэй холбоотойгоор элдэв төрлийн хортон шавж, өвчин гарч, зарим жилүүдэд олширч байгаа нь ургац авахад хүндрэл учруулж эхэллээ. Бид 2020, 2021 онд баруун бүсийн тариалангийн хөнөөлт организмын төрөл, зүйл, тархалт, хөнөөлийг тогтоох тандалтын судалгааны явцад Ховд аймгийн Булган суманд тариалагдсан чавганы таримал дээр үрч эрвээхэйн олшрол болж, судалгаа хийсэн талбайн 30%-д, нэг модны 30-40%-д нэг жимсэнд нэг авгалдай тохиолдож байгааг илүүлсэн бол 2021 онд Өвөрхангай аймгийн Сант сумын чавганы модны 80-90%, 2024 онд Говь-алтай аймгийн Халиун сумын чавганы нийт талбайн 70-90%, модны 35-45%, Бигэр сумын талбайн 60-70%, модны 10-20%, Ховд аймгийн Булган сумын нийт талбайд 100%, модны 90-95%-д тархсаныг тогтоосон. Мөн Улаанбаатар хотын Сонгинохайрхан дүүргийн 21-р хороо Жаргалант тосгонд тариалсан чавганы талбайд 2019, 2020 онуудад үрч эрвээхэйн олшрол болсон бөгөөд 2024 дахин олшрол болж 300 жимсэнд үзлэг хийхэд 50-60% нь чавганы үрч эрвээхэйн хүрэнцээр халдварлагдсан байлаа. Энэ зүйл эрвээхэйн хүрэнцэр нь олон төрлийн яст болон ясгүй жимсэнд ялангуяа чавга, тоор, интоор,чангаазны жимсэнд орж хооллон их хэмжээний хохирол учруулдаг бөгөөд нэгэнт халдварлалт тархсан тохиолдолд ургацын алдагдал өндөр гарч, бүтээгдэхүүний чанар шууд мууддаг онцлогтой. Бид Ховд аймгийн Булган сум, нийслэлийн Сонгинохайрхан дүүргийн талбайгаас халдвар бүхий жимсний дээж авч хүрэнцрийг лабораторид бойжуулан бие гүйцсэн эрвээхэйг гарган авч зүйлийн тодорхойлолтыг морфологи шинж тэмдгээр болон ПГУ-ын аргаар баталгаажуулалт хийлээ. Энэ эрвээхэй нь халуун бүс нутагт жилд 2-3 үе удмаар хөгждөг бол манай оронд жилд нэг үе удмаар үржиж хөгжиж байгаа нь бидний ажиглалтаар тогтоогдсон. Чавганы үрч эрвээхэйн тархалт тэлж, хөнөөл нэмэгдэж байгаа нь чавганы тариалалт нэмэгдэн, суулгацыг хорио цээрийн хяналтгүйгээр тарааж байгаатай болон цаг уурын хүчин зүйлтэй холбоотой гэж үзэж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Чавганы үрч эрвээхэй, Тархалт, Хор хөнөөл, Үе удам, ПГУ
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