Unity of existence: Mongolian traditional views on nature

Abstract

This article examines the Mongolian tradition of living in close connection with nature through the concept of the “unity of existence.” The study analyzes the harmonious and respectful relationship that nomadic communities have maintained with their natural environment, as reflected in customs, taboos, daily practices, beliefs, and legal traditions. Traditional knowledge systems—including religion, shamanic practices, Tengri worship, and Buddhism—demonstrate that nature was regarded not merely as a resource to be used but as a living entity deserving respect. By situating this worldview in dialogue with philosophical ideas and contemporary deep ecology, the study highlights how traditional Mongolian ecological wisdom can offer insights for addressing modern environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation.