Recent CO₂ and water vapor fluxes at Udleg forest research station, northern Mongolia Baseline data for climate–ecosystem studies

Ayumi Kotani; Mamoru Ishikawa; Tetsuya Hiyama; Shin Miyazaki; Baatarbileg Nachin; Dashtseren Avirmed; Temuujin Khurelbaatar

doi:10.5564/mjgg.v62i46.4135

Authors

Ayumi Kotani Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0350-0775
Mamoru Ishikawa Faculty of Earth Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0754-6236
Tetsuya Hiyama Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-2717
Shin Miyazaki Sonic Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Baatarbileg Nachin School of Engineering and Technology & Institute of Forest, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-1257
Dashtseren Avirmed Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 15170, Mongolia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-5345
Temuujin Khurelbaatar Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 15170, Mongolia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0042-5653

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5564/mjgg.v62i46.4135

Keywords:

CO2 and water vapor fluxes, eddy covariance method, larch forest, precipitation, soil water

Abstract

This study investigated seasonal and interannual patterns of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) obtained at a larch-dominated forest in northern Mongolia between 2010–2012 and 2022–2024. Seasonal and interannual variability in both fluxes has been observed; years with earlier leaf-out and higher early-season leaf area index (LAI) resulted in higher CO₂ uptake, while wetter summers promoted higher ET. Bayesian regression analysis revealed a shift in the relative influence of environmental drivers in the two periods. The soil water effect is remarkable in summer ET variation in previous relatively drier years. In contrast, surface soil temperature and solar radiation have become more influential than soil water in recent years. LAI emerged as a significant driver of NEE only in the latter period, suggesting improved photosynthetic responsiveness under favorable water conditions. These results indicate the sensitivity of larch ecosystems to decadal scale climate variability and suggest the importance of phenological dynamics and soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. Although these changes were likely within the natural variability range, they indicate the need for sustained monitoring. Long-term, interdisciplinary studies will be essential to understand the ecosystem's water–carbon coupling in the forest–steppe transition zone.

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Recent CO₂ and water vapor fluxes at Udleg forest research station, northern Mongolia Baseline data for climate–ecosystem studies

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