A study on the effect of windbreaks of forest strips established in sandy soil regions of central Mongolia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/mjgg.v61i45.3404Keywords:
Tree growth, Long-term monitoring, Windbreak effectAbstract
The purpose of this research was to estimate the wind force reduction effects of different types of tree species in windbreak, based on monitoring results. Field experiments were carried out during 2010–2017 at the Research and Experimental Center for Combating Desertification (47°27′N, 103°68′E; 1967 m a.s.l) in Elsen Tasarkhai, Khugnu-Tarna National Park in Rashaant soum of Bulgan province, central Mongolia. The studied tree species included Acer tataricum, Populus sibirica, Malus Pallasiana, Ulmus pumila, Salix ledebouriana and Caragana arborescens. The wind data collected by the Hobo loggers were downloaded using Onset HOBOware® Lite Software Version 2.2.1 (Onset Computer Corporation, Pocasset, MA). The estimation procedure incorporated the 1999 version of the windbreak sub-model of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS). Windbreak effects were estimated in terms of friction velocity reduction, which is a function of wind speed and direction, distance from the barrier, tree height, porosity, width and orientation. Windbreak characteristics (windbreak type, height, width, porosity, and location) were recorded. A significant effect of windbreak on airflow reduction was proven on the leeward side of windbreak in a belt corresponding to approximately 15-30 times the height of the windbreaks and it depended on the optical porosity. During the monitoring period, the impacts were varied, but all species had reduced the wind speed to a certain distance. As a result, the annual growth rate of tree species showed the significant importance of wind protection. By identifying the effect of shelterbelts on living windbreaks and wind data using long-term monitoring in sandy soil regions of central Mongolia, advanced tree planting and forest strip establishing methods would be developed.
Монгол орны ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH)-ы шинж чанар ба онцлог ХУРААНГУЙ: Монгол орны хөрсний судалгаануудад ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны тухай дурдагдсан байдаг боловч хөрсний хэв шинжээр нь урвалын орчныг харьцуулан судалсан судалгааны ажлууд дутмаг байна. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлын зорилго нь Хангай, Хэнтий, Хөвсгөлийн уулсын ой, тайгын хөрсний урвалын орчны онцлог шинж чанар, ялгаатай байдлыг судлахыг зорьсон. Монгол оронд 2024 оноос өмнө хийгдэж байсан ойн хөрсний 301 зүсэлтийн 1558 ширхэг дээжийн дүн мэдээллийг ашиглав. Хөрсний урвалын орчныг хөрс усны 1:2.5 харьцаагаар Thermo scientific Orion 5 star багаж ашиглаж тодорхойлсон. Монгол орны ойд Тайгын цэвдэг, Тайгын ширэгт, Чандруулаг, Ойн бараан, Нугархаг ойн бараан, Сул чандруулаг элсэн, Татмын ойн зэрэг хэв шинжийн хөрс голчлон тархсан байдаг. Эдгээр хөрсний хэв шинж бүрийн урвалын орчныг хооронд нь харьцуулах аргаар энэхүү судалгааны үр дүнг боловсруулав. Мөн хөрсний дээд (topsoil) үе давхарга дахь урвалын орчныг доод (subsoil) үе давхарга дахь урвалын орчны агууламжтай харьцуулахаас гадна хөрсний генетик үе давхаргууд дах урвалын орчныг судалсан. R studio Тукей (Tukey) тест ашиглан ойн хөрсний хэв шинж, төрөл хооронд урвалын орчин ялгаатай эсэхийг шалгасан. Монгол орны ойн хөрсний урвалын орчин 3.50-8.55 хооронд байх бөгөөд дунджаар 6.39 буюу сул хүчиллэг шинж чанартай байна. Тукей тестийн үр дүнгээр хөрсний урвалын орчин ойн хэв шинж бүрд ялгаатай байсан (p < 0.05). Тайгын чандруулаг хөрс хамгийн хүчиллэг буюу pH=4.9 байхад Нарсан ойн сул чандруулаг элсэн хөрс хамгийн шүлтлэг буюу pH= 6.96 байна. Хөрсний дээд үе давхарга буюу О органик үе давхаргад илүү хүчиллэг (pH 6.0) байх бөгөөд доошлох тусам ойн хөрс илүү шүлтлэг (pH 7.32) шинж чанартай болж байна. Газарзүйн тархалтаар ойн хөрсний урвалын орчныг харахад Хөвсгөл нуурын баруун тал, дархадын хотгор орчмын ойн хөрсний урвалын орчин (pH) дунджаар 7.51-8.09 байна. Энэ нь бусад ойн хөрсний урвалын орчинтой харьцуулахад маш шүлтлэг бөгөөд Монгол орны зарим ой, мод илүү шүлтлэг орчинд ургадаг онцлогтойг харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үгс: Хөрсний урвалын орчин, pH, Ойн хөрс, Хөрс, Хангай, Хэнтий, Хөвсгөл, МонголDownloads
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