Effects of environmental factors on leaf litter decomposition of three species of Stipa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/mjb.v5i31.3264Keywords:
Stipa, leaf litter decomposition, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, light-exposed, shaded, leaf traitsAbstract
Plant litter decomposition plays an important role in carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. The influence of abiotic factors on the decomposition of plants in humid ecosystems is higher due to the favorable moisture conditions and the abundance of decomposer microorganisms. However, in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, plant litter decomposition is influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors, depending on sparse plant cover, high soil temperature, and low rainfall. The effects of environmental factors on leaf litter decomposition in arid and semi-arid Mongolian steppes are unclear. A field experiment was carried out in meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppes of Mongolia to investigate the effect of environmental factors such as light-expose, shade, and climate conditions on three species of Stipa (Stipa baicalensis, Stipa grandis, Stipa gobica) representing different litter qualities over a two year of incubation (6, 12, 18 and 24 months). The results of the study revealed that the leaf litter decomposition rate differed among the three species, in which Stipa gobica had a relatively high leaf litter decomposition rate. Also, the rate of leaf decomposition of Stipa gobica was directly and indirectly correlated with leaf traits, while it was positively correlated to climatic conditions (r=0.55). However, for Stipa baicalensis, was negatively correlated to leaf traits (r=-0.56 – -0.63) and on the contrary, Stipa grandis was strongly positively correlated to leaf traits (r=0.68-0.89). Seasonality has an effect on the leaf litter decomposition, with the highest decomposition rate occurring from April to October, while the decomposition rate was very low from November to March.
Гурван зүйл хялганын навчны задралд хүрээлэн буй орчны хүчин зүйлсийн үзүүлэх нөлөө
Хураангуй. Ургамлын задрал нь хуурай газрын экосистем дэх нүүрстөрөгч болон шим тэжээлийн бодисын эргэлтэд чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг. Чийглэг экосистемийн ургамлын задралд абиотик хүчин зүйлийн нөлөө их байдаг нь чийгийн таатай нөхцөл, задлагч микрорганизм их байдагтай холбоотой. Харин хуурай болон хагас хуурай экосистемийн хувьд ургамлын бүрхэвч сийрэг, хөрсний температур өндөр, хур тунадасны хэмжээ бага байдгаас хамаарч ургамлын задралд абиоток, биотик хүчин зүйл нөлөөлдөг. Хуурай болон хагас хуурай Монгол орны нугажуу, хуурай болон цөлөрхөг хээрийн ургамлын навчны задралд хүрээлэн буй орчны хүчин зүйлс хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгаа нь тодорхойгүй хэвээр байна. Тиймээс энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар нугажуу хээр, хуурай хээр болон цөлөрхөг хээрийн зонхилогч үетэн ургамал болох гурван зүйл хялганын (Stipa baicalensis, Stipa grandis, Stipa gobica) навчны задралд хүрээлэн буй орчны хүчин зүйлс болон ургамлын шинж чанар хэрхэн нөлөөлж буй болон бүлгэмдэл хоорондын ялгааг илрүүлэх зорилготой ажиллалаа. Бид туршилтыг гэрэлтэй болон сүүдэрлэсэн хоёр хувилбартай 2 жилийн хугацаанд 4 удаагийн дээж хураалттай (6, 12, 18 болон 24 сар) хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Судалгааны үр дүнд ургамлын навчны задрал нь хялганын гурван зүйл хооронд ялгаатай бөгөөд үүнээс Stipa gobica-ийн навчны задралын хурд харьцангуй өндөр болохыг тогтоов. Мөн Stipa gobica зүйлийн навчны задралын хурд нь навчны шинж чанараас эерэг болон сөрөг хамаарч байсан бол цаг уурын үзүүлэлтүүдтэй эерэг (r=0.55) хамааралтай байсан. Харин Stipa baicalensis зүйлийн хувьд навчны шинж чанараас сөрөг (r=-0.56 – -0.63) хамааралтай, Stipa grandis зүйлийн тухайд навчны шинж чанараас эерэг хүчтэй хамааралтай байна (r=0.68-0.89). Ургамлын навчны задралд улирлын байдал нөлөөтэй бөгөөд 4-р сараас 10-р сарын хооронд задралын хэмжээ хамгийн өндөр байсан бол 11-р сараас 3-р сар хүртэл задралын хурд маш бага байв. Үүнээс харахад нугажуу хээр болон хуурай хээрийн ургамлын задрал тухайн ургамлын шинж чанараас хамаардаг бол цөлөрхөг хээрийн ургамлын задралд хүрээлэн буй орчны хүчин зүйлс чухал нөлөөтэй байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Хялгана, навчны задрал, нарны гэрэл, сүүдэр, навчны шинж чанар, нугажуу хээр, хуурай хээр, цөлөрхөг хээр
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