Discriminant analysis of concentrations of trace elements in Ulaanbaatar soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v64i04.3978Keywords:
Ulaanbaatar city, potential toxic elements, topsoil, discriminant analysisAbstract
In this work we investigated, through discriminant analysis, the spatial variability and pollution sources of potential toxic elements in Ulaanbaatar surface soil. The total concentration of potential toxic elements in urban surface soil samples, collected depending on pollution sources, were determined by using a rational scheme of chemical analysis of urban soils for ecological monitoring. It was found that the average concentration of B, Cr, Pb, Sn, Zn, Cu, Bi, Ag and Sb were all higher than their background values, while average concentration of Li, Ni, Co, V and Cd were comparatively lower. Urban surface soil samples had varying concentration levels of Ag, B, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, F, Ge, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn and Tl, and identical levels of concentration of As, Co, Ni, Zn, Li, V and Mn. As per the results of the Kruskal–Wallis rank test, the surface soil in the ger (traditional round felt dwelling) area (A) and the main road (B) is highly polluted with Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, MO, Sn, Bi, Ag and Sb. A stepwise selection of the spatial discriminant analysis shows that, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Pb, Sb, Tl and V are most significant variables. These selected variables clearly discriminates the soil groups of the ger area (A) such as Khailaast, Chingeltei and Bayanzurkh, the main road (B) namely, along the central transport routes and in the vicinity of the bus stations and around the power plant and industrial area (C) with 71 per cent total success rate of classification.
Downloads
16
References
1. Palansooriya, K. N., et al. Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review. Environment International. 2020. Vol. 134. Article. 105046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105046.
2. Batjargal, T., Otgonjargal E., Baek K., Yang J. S. Assessment of Metals Contamination of Soils in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010. Vol. 184. № 1-3. pp. 872-876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.106.
3. Kosheleva, N. E., Kasimov, N. S., Bazha, S. N., Gunin, P. D., Golovanov, D. L., Yamnova, I. A., Enkhamgalan, S. Soil contamination with heavy metals in the industrial cities of Mongolia. Vestnik Moskwa. University. Series 5. Geography. 2010. No. 3. pp. 20-27. (in Russian) https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2010-3-2-51-65.
4. Chung, S., Chon, H. T. Assessment of the level of mercury contamination from some anthropogenic sources in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2014. Vol. 147. Part B. pp. 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.07.016.
5. Myagmarjav, H., Enkhjargal, B., Odmaa, N. Heavy Metal Content in Soils of Ulaanbaatar City (Mongolia), Nature of Inner Asia. 2018. Vol. 2. No. 7. pp. 87-91. (in Russian) https://journals.bsu.ru/content/articles/1309.pdf.
6. Naidansuren, E., Dondog, A., Erdenesaikhan, B., Byambanyam, E. Heavy Metal Pollution Near a Tannery in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Journal of Health and Pollution. 2017. Vol. 16. № 7. pp. 2-11. https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.16.2.
7. Enkhchimeg, B., Murayama, T., Fukushi, K., Nishikizawa, S., Sonomdagva, Ch., Altansukh, O., Solongo, Ts., Davaadorj, D. Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil of the Ger District in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17. № 13. Article. 4668.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134668.
8. Oyunbat, P. Batkhishig, O., Batsaikhan, B., Lehmkuhl, F., Knippertz, M., Nottebaum, V. Spatial distribution, pollution, and health risk assessment of heavy metal in industrial area soils of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2021. Vol. 43. № 4. pp. 123-133. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B4-2021-123-2021.
9. Byambasuren Ts., Оchirbat Г., Shabanova Е. V., Vasilyva I. Е. Characterization of geochemical features of the soil cover of Ulaanbaatar using multivariate statistical analysis methods, Modern directions of development of geochemistry: collection of all-Russian conf. Irkutsk (November 21-25, 2022) - Irkutsk: Publishing house of the IG SB RAS, 2022. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. pp. 82-86. (in Russian) http://irbiscorp.spsl.nsc.ru/fulltext/WORKS/2022/%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%A0%D0%93.pdf.
10. Ts.Byambasuren, Б.Khuukhenkhuu, Shabanova Е.V., Vasilyva I.Е., Г.Оchirbat, D.Tsedenbaljir. Application of some assessment approaches to study of Ulaanbaatar surface soil pollution with heavy metals. Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. 2017. Vol. 57, № 01 (221). pp. 18-28. (in Mongolian) https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v57i. 221.749. 10.
11. Byambasuren Ts., Shabanova E. V., Korolkov A. T., Vasilyeva I. E., Ochirbat G., Khuukhenkhuu B. Distribution of Trace Elements in Soils of Ulaanbaatar, The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences. 2018. Vol. 26. pp. 31-45. https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2018.26.31 (in Russian) https://doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2018.26.31.
12. Shabanova E. V., Ts. Byambasuren, G. Ochirbat, Vasil'eva I. E., B. Khuukhenkhuu, Korolkov A. T. Relationship between major and trace elements in Ulaanbaatar soils: a study based on multivariate statistical analysis. Geography, environment, sustainability. 2019. Vol. 12, No. 3. pp. 199-212. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-18.
13. Byambasuren Ts., Otgontuul Ts., Khuukhenkhuu B., Vasilyeva I. E., Shabanova E. V., Proydakova O. A. Multivariate statistical approaches to identify heavy metal sources in Ulaanbaatar soil, International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS). 2014. Vol. 4, No. 5. pp. 27-34. https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Journal_of_Environment_Ecology_Family_and_Urban_Studies_IJEEFUS.
14. Tsagaan B., Byambaa Kh., Ganbaatar O., Darizav Ts. Temporal variation of the pseudo total content of heavy metals in Ulaanbaatar soil, Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. 2019. Vol. 59, № 03(231). pp. 28-31. https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v59i3.1243.
15. Shabanova E. V., Vasil'eva I. E., Byambasuren T., Ganbaatar O., Khuukhenkhuu B., Khomutova M. Y. Rational scheme of chemical analysis of urban soils for ecological monitoring. Advances in science, technology & innovation book series. (Asti) / H. Chenchouni, H. I. Chaminé, Md. F. Khan, B. J. Merkel, Z. Zhang, P. Li, A. Kallel, N. Khélifi (eds). IEREK interdisciplinary series for sustainable development. Springer nature. Switzerland AG, 2022. pp. 207-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72543-3_46.
16. Fachinelli A., Sacchi E., Mallen L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils. Environmental Pollution. 2001. Vol. 114. - pp. 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00243-8.
17. Imperato M., Adamo P., Naimo D., Arienzo M., Stanzione P. Violante P. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban soils of Naples city (Italy). Environmental Pollution. 2003. Vol. 124. pp. 274-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00478-5.
18. Morton-Bernea O., Hernández-Álveraz E., González- Hernández G., Romero F., Lozano R., Beramendi-Orosco L. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban topsoils from the metropolitan area of Mexico City. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2009. Vol. 101. pp. 218-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.07.002.
19. MNS 3298-90. Soil quality, Sampling, Part 1-5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination. (in Mongolian) http://greenassessment.mn/upload/files/19910425_MNS_3298-90.pdf.
20. GOST R 58595-2019. SOILS. Sampling. On technical regulation and metrology. National standard of the Russian Federation. M. Standartinform, 2019. p. 8 (in Russian) https://www.arriah.ru/files/uslugi/zemlya/gost_r_58595-2019.pdf.
21. MU 2.1.7.730-99. Hygienic assessment of soil quality in populated areas. Methodological guidelines". Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 07.02.1999. M. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 1999. p. 26 (in Russian)
22. Byambasuren Ts., Khuukhenkhuu B., Ochirbat G., Vasilyeva I.E., Shabanova E.V., Tsedenbaljir D., Korolkov A.T. Background concentration of microelements in Ulaanbaatar regional natural surface soil. Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. 2018. Vol. 58, № 02(226). pp. 15-24. (in Mongolian) https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v58i2.1001.
23. Vasilyeva, I. E., Shabanova, E. V., Doroshkov, A. A., Proydakova, O. A., Otgontuul, Ts., Khuukhenkhuu, B., Byambasuren, Ts. Distribution of toxic and essential elements in soils of Ulaanbaatar city. Pollution assessment of urban areas Proceedings of the IX international conference. Environment and sustainable development in Mongolian plateau and surrounding regions. 2013. Vol. 1. pp. 67-71.http://bic.iwlearn.org/mn/documents/documents/arga-khemzheenii-matierialuud/TOM%201_Environment%20and%20sustainable%20development%20in%20Mongolian%20plateau%20and%20surrounding%20regions%20-rus.pdf.
24. MNS 5850:2019. Soil quality: Maximum maximum permissible value of soil pollutants and elements. https://estandard.gov.mn/website/home.aspx.
25. Shabanova E.V., Byambasuren Ts., Ochirbat G., Vasilyeva I.E. Formation of a data structure for identifying geochemical features of soils using multivariate statistical analysis methods (On the example of Ulaanbaatar soils). Proceedings of the XIII All-Russian conference - Petrology and geodynamics of geological processes. September 06-13, 2021 - Irkutsk: IG SB RAS, - In 3 volumes. - V. 3. - P. 219 - 220. https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-petrologiyaigeodinamikageologicheskihprocessovtom3.pdf.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Byambasuren Tsagaan, Elena V Shabanova, Irina E Vasil'eva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any research article in the Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences is retained by the author(s).
The authors grant the Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
Articles in the Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY.
This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
