Европ дахь иргэний боловсролын тодорхойлолт болон үнэлгээ

Abstract

Descriptions and Indicators of Citizenship Education in European Countries

The Council of Europe proclaimed the year 2005 European Year Citizenship through Education and related meetings or programs regarding Citizenship Education have been held and realized throughout the European countries. "Citizenship" has been the hot topic upon the approval of "'Citizenship of the Union”, which authorize citizens to travel, work or participate in the local political activities liberally in European Union Countries, by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. This paper focuses on the Education for Democratic Citizenship, Lisbon strategies and how its indicators or benchmarks are developed, as well as intention to realize "Active citizenship education" in order to develop "Civic competences". Beyond it, the concept of "Active citizenship" is remarkable which will give considerable contribution to strengthening social cohesion by enabling citizens to participate actively in the political and public activities and to learn how to work with other people on the basis of interactions； and even by developing individuals to live and work in Knowledge-based economy of Globalization.