Study on cenosphere recovery from coal ash
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/bicct.v13i13.4580Keywords:
coal ash, cenospher, fly ash, ash pond, power plantAbstract
Cenospheres are hollow microspheres found in coal fly ash, characterized by low density, high strength, and thermal insulation properties, making them valuable materials widely used in construction, composite materials, and thermal insulation applications. This study developed a methodology for separating cenospheres from fresh fly ash and pond ash from the "TPP-4" Thermal Power Plant, and comparatively investigated their physicochemical properties. In the initial separation stage using the hydraulic (water) method, cenospheres were recovered at yields of 0.77 wt.% from fresh fly ash and 0.02 wt% from pond ash. To purify the separated cenospheres, thermal treatment followed by separation using an 80:20 water-acetone mixture was applied, resulting in increased yields of 17.3% for fresh fly ash cenospheres and 9.0% for pond ash cenospheres. SEM-EDS analysis revealed that fresh fly ash cenospheres have smooth surfaces and are enriched in iron (27.7%), while pond ash cenospheres have rough surfaces and are enriched in silicon (22.9%), aluminum (11.2%), and calcium (6.9%). Zeta potential analysis confirmed that the colloidal stability of fresh fly ash (-46.6 mV) is superior to that of pond ash (-27.13 mV). The study results demonstrate that fresh fly ash is 71 times more effective as a raw material for cenosphere recovery compared to pond ash, indicating the potential for reprocessing coal ash in Mongolia to produce high-value materials.
Нүүрсний үнснээс синосфер ялгаж авах судалгаа
Хураангуй: Синосфер нь нүүрсний үнсэнд агуулагдах хөндий микро бөмбөлөг бүтэцтэй, нягт багатай, механик бат бөх, дулаан тусгаарлах чадвар сайтай тул барилга, композит материал, дулаан тусгаарлагч зэрэг салбарт өргөн хэрэглэгддэг өндөр үнэ цэнтэй материал юм. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар “ДЦС-4” ТӨХК-ийн дэгдэмхий үнс болон үнсэн сангийн үнснээс синосфер ялгаж авах аргачлалыг боловсруулж, ялгалтын гарц болон ялгасан синосферийн физик-химийн шинж чанарыг харьцуулан судалсан. Эхний шатанд усаар ялгах аргаар дэгдэмхий үнснээс 0.77%, үнсэн сангийн үнснээс 0.02% гарцтай хөнгөн фракц ялгав. Цаашид ус–ацетоны холимгийг ашиглан ялгалтын горимыг оновчлох судалгаагаар ус:ацетон = 80:20 жингийн харьцаа нь дэгдэмхий үнснээс синосфер ялгахад хамгийн тохиромжтой нөхцөл болохыг тогтоож, энэ үед гарц 17.3% хүрсэн. Дулааны боловсруулалт (800 °C, 2 цаг) нь усаар ялгах үед хамт хөвж гарч ирсэн органик хольцыг зайлуулахад үр дүнтэй байж, синосфер давамгайлсан хөнгөн фракцыг ялган авах боломжийг бүрдүүлсэн. Олон шатлалт боловсруулалтын дараах эцсийн үр дүнгээс үзэхэд дэгдэмхий үнсний синосферийн нийт гарц 0.13%, үнсэн сангийн үнснийх 0.002% байсан бөгөөд дэгдэмхий үнс нь синосфер ялгаж авахад үнсэн сангийн үнснээс ойролцоогоор 71 дахин илүү үр ашигтай түүхий эд болох нь тогтоогдов. SEM–EDS шинжилгээгээр дэгдэмхий үнсний синосфер нь гөлгөр гадаргуутай, төмрийн агууламж харьцангуй өндөр, харин үнсэн сангийн синосфер нь барзгар гадаргуутай, цахиур, хөнгөн цагаан, кальциар баялаг болох нь тогтоогдсон. Зета потенциалын шинжилгээгээр дэгдэмхий үнсний коллоид тогтвортой байдал (-46.63 мВ) нь үнсэн сангийн үнснийхээс (-27.13 мВ) илүү сайн болох нь батлагдсан. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс дүгнэхэд дэгдэмхий үнсийг гүн боловсруулах замаар синосфер ялган авч, нэмүү өртөг шингэсэн материал үйлдвэрлэх нь Монгол улсын нөхцөлд техникийн хувьд боломжтой бөгөөд эдийн засаг, байгаль орчны хувьд ач холбогдолтой чиглэл болохыг харуулж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: нүүрсний үнс, синосфер, дэгдэмхий үнс, үнсэн сан, цахилгаан станц
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