Submissions

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Author Guidelines

Manuscript Submission Requirements

Only manuscripts that fall within the journal's aims and scope and meet its scholarly, ethical, linguistic, and technical requirements are eligible for initial editorial consideration. Receipt or registration of a manuscript does not constitute acceptance for publication.
Manuscripts are received electronically for each quarterly editorial cycle. Submission deadlines and issue-specific information are announced through the official channels of the Defense Research Institute of Mongolia.

Eligibility and Originality

  • The manuscript must address a clearly defined research problem relevant to security studies, defense studies, military science, or another field within the journal's scope;
  • The work must have a sound theoretical and methodological foundation, use verifiable evidence and appropriate sources, and present research findings, conclusions, and, where relevant, actionable recommendations;
  • The manuscript must be original, must not have been published previously in full, and must not be under simultaneous consideration by another journal or publisher;
  • The manuscript must be free from plagiarism, unauthorized reuse, fabricated or falsified data, copyright infringement, and other breaches of research or publication ethics;
  • Authors bear full responsibility for the accuracy of the sources, data, analysis, conclusions, and recommendations presented in the manuscript;
  • A translation of source material must identify the original work, place and year of publication, and any permission required for republication.

General Technical Specifications

Page size - A4
File format - Microsoft Word (.docx)
Typeface - Times New Roman throughout
Main article title - 16 pt, bold, centered, single-spaced
All other text - 12 pt
Line spacing - Single
Body alignment - Justified
First-line indent - 1.0 cm
Margins - Top 2.0 cm; bottom 2.0 cm; left 3.0 cm; right 1.5 cm
Page numbers - Centered in the footer
Titles and labels - Headings and labels for figures, tables, and sources are centered; source labels are italicized.
Filename - AuthorSurname_ShortArticleTitle.docx

Required Manuscript Structure and Order

A research article should contain the following elements in the order shown. Requirements may be adapted to the nature of a review, historical, methodological, or policy-analysis article only with editorial approval.
NO.    ELEMENT    MINIMUM REQUIREMENT
1    Mongolian title    A concise and specific title identifying the main problem, object, direction, and scope of the study; 16 pt, bold, centered.
2    English title    An academically written equivalent of the Mongolian title; 12 pt, bold or italic, centered.
3    Author information in Mongolian    Full name, affiliation, position, academic degree and title, military rank where applicable, email, and ORCID. Identify the corresponding author with an asterisk.
4    Author information in English    The same information in English and in the same order; use the author's preferred Roman-script name.
5    Mongolian abstract    180-250 words covering background, objective, methodology, key findings, conclusion, and significance. Italic and justified. Do not include citations, figures, tables, footnotes, or unexplained abbreviations.
6    Mongolian keywords    Five to seven terms representing the main concepts, research field, methodology, variables, and disciplinary terminology.
7    English abstract    180-250 words accurately corresponding to the Mongolian abstract and written in professional academic English.
8    English keywords    Five to seven terms corresponding to the Mongolian keywords and using internationally recognized terminology.
9    Introduction    Approximately 10-15% of the main text. State the rationale, theoretical, policy, and practical significance, brief literature review, unresolved problem, research gap, objective, and originality. Cite relevant sources.
10    Research objective and tasks    State the objective clearly in one sentence. Where presented as a separate section, identify three to five tasks that operationalize the objective.
11    Methodology    Describe the research design, data-collection methods, scope, period, participant number, sampling method and composition, instrument, data-processing method, software, limitations, and ethical safeguards in sufficient detail for verification or replication.
12    Results    Present the actual findings supported by quantitative or qualitative evidence and linked to relevant tables, figures, graphs, or diagrams. Avoid extensive interpretation or recommendations.
13    Discussion    Approximately 20-30% of the main text. Interpret the findings, compare them with previous research, explain their relevance to Mongolia and to theory, policy, and practice, and identify limitations and future research.
14    Conclusion    Present three to six principal conclusions directly aligned with the objective, tasks, and findings. Do not introduce new evidence, sources, or unsupported claims.
15    Policy recommendations    For policy-oriented or applied research, provide feasible recommendations grounded in the results. Each recommendation should identify the problem, responsible actor or level, proposed action, and expected result.
16    Acknowledgements    Briefly identify individuals, institutions, projects, funders, data providers, or participants that supported the research.
17    Conflict-of-interest statement    Declare any financial, institutional, professional, or personal conflict of interest, or explicitly state that none exists.
18    Funding statement    Identify the project, institution, fund, or contract that supported the research, or state that no specific funding was received.
19    References    Use Chicago Author-Date consistently. List only sources cited in the manuscript and arrange them alphabetically by author surname or institutional author.
Permitted structural variation

The "Results" and "Discussion" sections may be combined as "Results and Discussion." The Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Conclusion, and References must remain identifiable as separate elements. A stand-alone Policy Recommendations section is expected for policy and applied research but may be omitted from theoretical, historical, or interpretive studies when it is not methodologically appropriate.

Figures, Tables, Graphs, and Diagrams

Visual materials must be directly necessary to explain the research findings. Do not submit unreadable, unsupported, or unreferenced visuals.

  • Number every table, figure, graph, and diagram consecutively;
  • Provide a concise and informative title for every visual;
  • Refer to every visual explicitly in the main text;
  • Place a table title above the table and a figure, graph, or diagram title below the visual;
  • Provide a source for every visual, including one created by the author;
  • Use a consistent visual style and ensure that all text, symbols, percentages, values, and units are legible and unambiguous;
  • Write source statements centered and in italics; obtain permission for copyrighted material where required.

Citation and Reference Style
The journal uses Chicago Author-Date as its primary citation style. One citation system must be applied consistently throughout a manuscript.
SOURCE TYPE    IN-TEXT EXAMPLE
One author    (Huntington 1957)
Specific page    (Huntington 1957, 23)
Two authors    (Poutvaara and Wagener 2007)
Three or more authors    (Howlett et al. 2020)
Institutional author    (OECD 2020)
Multiple sources    (Huntington 1957; Janowitz 1960; Poutvaara and Wagener 2007)

The reference list must include complete bibliographic information for books, articles, reports, legislation, and online sources. Include an access date for an online source when appropriate. Every reference-list entry must be cited in the text, and every in-text citation must have a corresponding reference-list entry.
 
Language and Terminology

  • Use clear, precise, grammatically correct scholarly language and a coherent sequence of ideas;
  • Use each technical term consistently throughout the manuscript;
  • Define abbreviations at first use and avoid unofficial abbreviations;
  • Do not use colloquial language, unsupported generalizations, excessively long multi-clause sentences, repetitive statements, unsupported policy claims, or numerical information without a source;
  • English titles, abstracts, keywords, and author information must accurately match the Mongolian content and meet professional academic-language standards. The Editorial Board may require language editing.

Research-Ethics Requirements

Research involving human participants must ensure voluntary participation, informed consent where applicable, confidentiality, protection of personal information, an explanation of the research purpose, use of data only for scholarly purposes, and accurate reporting without manipulation.

  • Disclose the relevant ethics approval or institutional permission where the research design requires it;
  • Do not fabricate, falsify, selectively distort, or conceal data or research results;
  • Do not submit the same manuscript to multiple journals at the same time;
  • Cite all third-party and previously published material, including the author's own prior work;
  • Disclose funding, author contributions, conflicts of interest, and permissions for copyrighted materials.

Submission Package

A complete submission must include or disclose the following:

  • The final manuscript in .docx format, named according to the prescribed filename convention;
  • Complete Mongolian and English titles, author details, abstracts, and keywords;
  • The corresponding author's current email address and ORCID identifier;
  • An originality and exclusive-submission declaration;
  • Conflict-of-interest and funding statements;
  • Ethics approval, informed-consent information, or institutional permission where applicable;
  • Permissions and accurate source information for third-party figures, tables, data, translations, and other copyrighted material;
  • Editable or high-resolution source files for figures, tables, graphs, or datasets when requested by the Editorial Office.

Initial Editorial Screening

The responsible secretary registers the submission and checks its completeness. A designated editor then conducts an initial assessment of scope, scholarly relevance, technical compliance, language, originality, and research ethics.

A manuscript may be returned for correction or declined without external peer review when it is outside the journal's scope; incomplete; poorly structured; inconsistent with the technical, language, citation, or metadata requirements; insufficiently original; or affected by a copyright or research-ethics concern.

A manuscript that passes the initial screening is forwarded to the double-anonymous peer-review process described in the following section.

Revision, Acceptance, and Publication

  1. The Editorial Office acknowledges receipt and records the submission;
  2. The author corrects any deficiencies identified during the initial screening;
  3. The manuscript undergoes independent peer review;
  4. When revisions are requested, the author submits a revised manuscript and a reasoned response to the reviewers within the specified period;
  5. The Editorial Board makes the final decision to accept, request further revision, or reject the manuscript;
  6. An accepted manuscript undergoes security-classification review, originality verification, language and citation editing, and metadata checks;
  7. A DOI is assigned, and the article is prepared for online and print publication.

Submission Preparation Checklist

All submissions must meet the following requirements.

  • The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
  • The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, or RTF document file format.
  • Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
  • The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
  • The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.

Copyright Notice

Authors retain copyright in articles published by the journal.

Privacy Statement

Mongolia Journals Online (MongoliaJOL) is a member of the Ubiquity Partner Network coordinated by Ubiquity Press. According to the EU definitions, MongoliaJOL is the data controller, and Ubiquity Press are the service providers and data processors. Ubiquity Press provide the technical platform and some publishing services to MongoliaJOL and operate under the principle of data minimisation where only the minimal amount of personal data that is required to carry out a task is obtained.

More information on the type of data that is required can be found in Ubiquity Press’ privacy policy below.

Ubiquity Press Privacy Policy

We take seriously our duty to process your personal data in a fair and transparent way. We collect and manage user data according to the following Privacy Policy. This document is part of our Terms of Service, and by using the press portal, affiliated journals, book, conference and repository websites (the “Websites”), you agree to the terms of this Privacy Policy and the Terms of Service. Please read the Terms of Service in their entirety, and refer to those for definitions and contacts.

What type of personal data do we handle?

There are four main categories of personal data stored by our journal platform, our press platform, and our book management system; Website User data, Author data, Reviewer data and Editor data.

The minimum personal data that are stored are:

  • full name
  • email address
  • affiliation (department, and institution)
  • country of residence

Optionally, the user can provide:

  • salutation
  • gender
  • associated URL
  • phone number
  • fax number
  • reviewing interests
  • mailing address
  • ORCiD
  • a short biography
  • interests
  • Twitter profile
  • LinkedIn profile
  • ImpactStory profile
  • profile picture

The data subjects have complete control of this data through their profile, and can request for it to be removed by contacting info@ubiquitypress.com

What do we do to keep that data secure?

We regularly backup our databases, and we use reliable cloud service providers (Amazon, Google Cloud, Linode) to ensure they are kept securely. Backups are regularly rotated and the old data is permanently deleted. We have a clear internal data handling policy, restricting access to the data and backups to key employees only. In case of a data breach, we will report the breach to the affected users, and to the press/journal contacts within 72 hours.

How do we use the data?

Personal information is only used to deliver the services provided by the publisher. Personal data is not shared externally except for author names, affiliations, emails, and links to ORCiD and social media accounts (if provided) in published articles and books which are displayed as part of the article/book and shared externally to indexes and databases. If a journal operates under open peer review then the reviewer details are published alongside the reviewer details.

How we collect and use your data:

1. When using the website

1.1 what data we collect

  • When you browse our website, we collect anonymised data about your use of the website; for example, we collect information about which pages you view, which files you download, what browser you are using, and when you were using the site.
  • When you comment on an article or book using Disqus, we are not collecting, controlling or processing the data. More details on the DISQUS privacy policy can be found on their website.
  • When you annotate an article or book, this is done via a 3rd party plugin to the website called Hypothes.is. In using this plugin we are not collecting, controlling or processing the data. More details on the Hypothes.is privacy policy can be found on their website.

1.2 why we collect the data

  • We use anonymised website usage data to monitor traffic, help fix bugs, and see overall patterns that inform future redesigns of the website, and provide reports on how frequently the publications on our site have been accessed from within their IP ranges.

1.3 what we do (and don’t do) with the data

  • We do not collect personal information that can be used to identify you when you browse the website.
  • We currently use Google Analytics for publication reports, and to improve the website and services through traffic analysis, but no personal identifying data is shared with Google (for example your computer’s IP is anonymised before transmission).

1.4 what to do if you want to get a copy of your data, or want your data to be removed

  • Please contact info@ubiquitypress.com to request a copy of your data, or for your data to be removed/anonymised.

2. When registering as an author, and submitting an article or book

2.1 what data we collect

  • When registering an account we ask you to log in and provide certain personal information (such as your name and email address), and there is the option to register using an ORCiD which will pre-fill the registration form.
  • As part of submitting an article for publication, you will need to provide personally identifying information which will be used for the peer review process, and will be published. This can include ‘Affiliation’, ‘Competing interests’, ‘Acknowledgements’.

2.2 why we collect the data

  • Registering an account allows you to log in, manage your profile, and participate as an author/reviewer/editor. We use cookies and session information to streamline your use of the website (for example in order for you to remain logged-in when you return to a journal). You can block or delete cookies and still be able to use the websites, although if you do you will then need to enter your username and password to login. In order to take advantage of certain features of the websites, you may also choose to provide us with other personal information, such as your ORCiD, but your decision to utilize these features and provide such data will always be voluntary.
  • Personal data submitted with the article or book is collected to allow follow good publication ethics during the review process, and will form part of the official published record in order for the provenance of the work to be established, and for the work to be correctly attributed.

2.3 what we do (and don’t do) with the data

  • We do not share your personal information with third parties, other than as part of providing the publishing service.
  • As a registered author in the system you may be contacted by the journal editor to submit another article.
  • Any books published on the platform are freely available to download from the publisher website in PDF, EPUB and MOBI formats on the publisher’s site.
  • Any personal data accompanying an article or a book (that will have been added by the submitting author) is published alongside it. The published data includes the names, affiliations and email addresses of all authors.
  • Any articles published on the platform are freely available to download from the publisher website in various formats (e.g. PDF, XML).
  • Ubiquity Press books and articles are typeset by SiliconChips and Diacritech.This process involves them receiving the book and book associated metadata and contacting the authors to finalise the layout. Ubiquity Press work with these suppliers to ensure that personal data is only used for the purposes of typesetting and proofing.
  • For physical purchases of books on the platform Ubiquity Press use print on demand services via Lightning Source who are responsible for printing and distribution via retailers. (For example; Amazon, Book Repository, Waterstones). Lightning Source’s privacy policy and details on data handling can be found on their website.

2.4 why we store the data

  • We store the account data so that you may choose to become a reviewer and be able to perform those tasks, or to become an author and submit an article and then track progress of that article.
  • Published personal data that accompanies an article or a book forms part of the official published record in order for the provenance of the work to be established, and for the work to be correctly attributed.

2.5 what to do if you want to get a copy of your data, or want your data to be removed

  • You are able to view, change and remove your data associated with your profile. Should you choose to completely delete your account, please contact us at support@ubiquitypress.com and we will follow up with your request as soon as possible.
  • To conform to publication ethics and best practice any personal data that is published alongside an article or book cannot be removed. If you have a query about a publication to which you are attributed please contact info@ubiquitypress.com

3. When registering as a reviewer

3.1 what data we collect

  • To become a reviewer you must first register as a user on the website, and set your preference that you would like to be considered as a reviewer. No new personal data is collected when a registered user elects to become a reviewer.
  • When registering an account we ask you to log in and provide certain personal information (such as your name and email address), and there is the option to register using an ORCiD which will pre-fill the registration form.
  • Reviewers can also be registered by editors who invite them to review a specific article. This requires the editor to provide the reviewer’s First Name, Last Name, and Email address. Normally this will be done as part of the process of inviting you to review the article or book.
  • On submitting a review, the reviewer includes a competing interest statement, they may answer questions about the quality of the article, and they will submit their recommendation.

3.2 why we collect the data

  • The data entered is used to invite the reviewer to peer review the article or book, and to contact the reviewer during and the review process.
  • If you submit a review then the details of your review, including your recommendation, your responses to any review form, your free-form responses, your competing interests statement, and any cover letter are recorded.

3.3 what we do (and don’t do) with the data

  • This data is not shared publicly and is only accessible by the Editor and system administrators of that journal or press.
  • The data will only be used in connection with that journal or press.
  • Data that is retained post final decision is kept to conform to publication ethics and best practice, to provide evidence of peer review, and to resolve any disputes relating to the peer review of the article or book.
  • For journals or presses that publish the peer reviews, you will be asked to give consent to your review being published, and a subset of the data you have submitted will become part of the published record.

3.4 what to do if you want to get a copy of your data, or want your data to be removed

  • If you would no longer like to be registered as a reviewer you can edit your profile and tick the box ‘stop being a reviewer’. This will remove you from the reviewer database, however any existing reviews you may have carried out will remain.
  • If you have been contacted by an editor to peer review an article this means that you have been registered in the system. If you would not like to be contacted for peer review you can reply to the email requesting that your data be deleted.

4. When being registered as a co-author

4.1 what data we collect

  • Co-author data is entered by the submitting author. The submitting author will already have a user account. According to standard publishing practice, the submitting author is responsible for obtaining the consent of their co-authors to be included (including having their personal data included) in the article/book being submitted to the journal/press.
  • The requested personal data for co-authors are at the bare minimum; first name, last name, institution, country, email address. This can also include; ORCID ID, Title, Middle Name, Biographical Statement, Department, Twitter Handle, Linkedin Profile Name or ImpactStory ID.

4.2 why we collect the data

  • Assuming that it is accepted for publication, this data forms part of the official published record in order for the provenance of the work to be established, and for the work to be correctly attributed.
  • Author names, affiliations and emails are required for publication and will become part of the permanent cited record.

4.3 what we do (and don’t do) with the data

  • The co-author’s personal data is stored in the author database. This personal data is only used in relation to the publication of the associated article.
  • Any co-author data collected is added to the author database and is only used in association with the article the user is co-author on.

4.5 what to do if you want to get a copy of your data, or want your data to be removed

  • To receive a copy of your data, please contact info@ubiquitypress.com
  • To conform to publication ethics and best practice any personal data that is published alongside an article or book cannot be removed. If you have a query about a publication to which you are attributed please contact info@ubiquitypress.com

5. When signing-up to receive newsletters

5.1 what data we collect

  • We require you to include your name and email address

5.2 why we collect and store the data, and for how long

  • This data would be collected to keep you updated with any news about the platform or specific journal

5.3 what we do (and don’t do) with the data

  • We use mailchimp to provide our mailing list services. Their privacy policy can be found here

5.4 what to do if you want to get a copy of your data or want your data to be removed

  • All emails sent via our newsletter client will include a link that will allow you to unsubscribe from the mailing list

Notification about change of ownership or of control of data

We may choose to buy or sell assets. In the case that control of data changes to or from Ubiquity Press and a third party, or in the case of change of ownership of Ubiquity Press or of part of the business where the control of personal data is transferred, we will do our best to inform all affected users and present the options.

(Updated: 28 September 2026)