Importance of genetic analysis and genomic tools for wildlife conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pib.v39i1.3148Keywords:
RADseq, GTseq, NGS, SNP, conservation managementAbstract
Around 2.16 million species have been discovered on the earth to date. Among them over 42000 species are threatened for extinction. Conservation biology is a field of study focusing on the protection of biodiversity and the viability of wildlife populations. It plays a crucial role in understanding and conserving endangered species and maintaining overall biodiversity. The International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) states that biodiversity should be protected at three levels: ecosystems, species, and genes. Hence, the first step of conservation would be an assessment of its diversity. Conservation biologists have been using genetics and in recent years, genomics techniques to assess the genetic diversity of wildlife. Here we discuss not only some important concepts of population genetics but also the role of using genetics and genomics in conserving wildlife and its importance in planning genetic management.
Байгаль хамгаалахад генетикийн шинжилгээ, геномын арга хэрэгслийн ач холбогдол
Хураангуй. Өнөөдрийг хүртэл дэлхий дээр 2.16 сая орчим зүйлийг илрүүлжээ. Эдгээрээс 42000 гаруй зүйл устах аюулд ороод байна. Хамгааллын биологи нь биологийн олон янз байдлыг хамгаалах, зэрлэг ан амьтдын популяцийн амьдрах чадварыг судлахад чиглэсэн судалгааны салбар бөгөөд ховордсон амьтдын талаар судлах, хамгаалах, биологийн олон янз байдлыг бүхэлд нь хадгалахад чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг. Биологийн олон янз байдлын тухай олон улсын конвенцид биологийн олон янз байдлыг экосистем, зүйл, ген гэсэн гурван түвшинд хамгаалах ёстой гэж заасан байдаг. Тиймээс байгаль хамгаалах эхний алхам бол түүний олон янз байдлыг үнэлэх явдал юм. Хамгааллын биологичид зэрлэг ан амьтдын генетикийн олон янз байдлыг үнэлэхийн тулд генетикийн аргазүйг, сүүлийн жилүүдэд геномикийн аргыг ашиглаж байна. Энэ тойм өгүүлэлд популяцийн генетикийн зарим чухал ойлголтуудыг төдийгүй зэрлэг ан амьтдыг хамгаалахад генетик, геномиксийн аргуудыг ашиглах үүрэг болон генетикийн менежментийг төлөвлөхөд түүний ач холбогдлын талаар бичив.
Түлхүүр үгс: RADseq, GTseq, NGS, нэг нуклеотидын полиморфизм (SNP), хамгааллын менежмент
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