Diversity and habitat characteristics of endemic beetles in the semi-desert areas of East Gobi, Mongolia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/pib.v38i1.2539Keywords:
Endemic beetles, habitat, Khanbogd, distributionAbstract
Determining the endemic species composition and their relative abundances of the beetle community in the desert and desert steppe of Mongolia is crucial for biodiversity conservation, and it is of great importance to evaluate the current state of the ecosystems. We aimed to determine the species richness, the dominant species composition and relative abundance of the endemic species, and their habitat characteristics around the Khanbogd Massif, which is an important representative of the East Gobi of Mongolia. We identified 1330 individuals of 20 species of 14 genera which belongs to four beetle families. More than 70 percent of them are belonging to the family of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae). Five species of darkling beetles, or 25 percent of the community were endemic species, and their relative abundances in the habitats with different vegetation cover ranges from 0.01 to 0.58. Among these endemic species, the darkling beetle Anatolica cechiniae Bogdanov-Кatjkov prefers extremely dry habitats while A. gobialtaica Kaszab prefers moist meadow habitats. However, abundances of the other three endemic species (Blaps femoralis rectispinus, A. sternalis gobiensis and Trigonoscelis sublaevigata granicollis) in the habitats were relatively low (1-12%). Two species of endemic beetles have been found only in the desert steppe habitat. There is a chance that the original state of nature will change as a result of recent climate change, which could lead to a decline in habitat quality and the loss of biological diversity. Therefore, it is essential to conduct in-depth habitat research in order to protect these endemic species with limited distribution and preserve them in their native ecosystems.
Дорнод говийн цөлийн хээрт тохиолдох эндемик цохын олон янз байдал, амьдрах орчны онцлог
Монгол орны цөл, цөлөрхөг хээрийн экосистемд тохиолдох цохын бүлгэмдэлд агуулагдаж буй эндемик цохын бүрдэл, уг зүйлүүдийн бүлгэмдэлд эзэлж буй хувийг тодорхойлох асуудал биологийн төрөл зүйлийн хамгаалал талаасаа маш чухал бөгөөд тухайн экосистемийн өнөөгийн төлөв байдлыг үнэлэхэд ихээхэн ач холбогдолтой юм. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаар Монгол орны Дорнод говийн чухал төлөөлөл болох Ханбогд уул орчмын цохын бүлгэмдлийн зүйлийн баялаг, бүлгэмдлийг бүрдүүлэгч гол төрөл зүйлийг тогтоох, бүлгэмдэлд эзлэх эндемик цохын хувь, тэдгээрийн амьдрах орчныг тодорхойлох зорилго тавин ажиллав. Нийт дөрвөн овгийн 14 төрлийн 20 зүйлд хамаарах 1330 бодгаль цох тодорхойлогдсоны 70 хувь нь хар цохын (Tenebrionidae) овогт хамаарч байна. Тус бүлгэмдэл дэх нийт зүйлийн 25 хувь буюу таван зүйл хар цох эндемик зүйлийн бүртгэлд орсон байх бөгөөд ургамлан нөмрөгийн хувьд ялгаатай амьдрах орчны хэлбэрүүдэд тохиолдох уг цохуудын харьцангуй элбэгшил 0.01 – 0.58 байна. Эдгээр эндемик зүйлүүдээс Anatolica cechiniae Bogdanov-Кatjkov хэмээх зүйл хэт хуурай амьдрах орчинд түгээмэл тохиолдож байхад A. gobialtaica Kaszab гэх хар цох бол чийг ихтэй нугын амьдрах орчныг шүтэн байршиж байна. Харин Blaps femoralis rectispinus, A. sternalis gobiensis болон Trigonoscelis sublaevigata granicollis гэх эндемик зүйлүүд уг бүлгэмдэлд бага хувь (1-12 %) эзэлж байв. Уг бүс нутагт тохиолдох орчны хэлбэрүүдээс шургамал цөлийн хээрт хоёр зүйл эндемик цох тэмдэглэгдсэн. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд илэрч буй уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлтийн нөлөөгөөр байгалийн унаган төлөвт өөрчлөлт орж, улмаар амьдрах орчин чанарын хувьд доройтох, биологийн төрөл зүйл хомсдох эрсдэл бий болоод байна. Иймд эдгээр хязгаарлагдмал тархалттай эндемик зүйлүүдийг хамгаалах, төрөлх экосистемд нь хадгалан авч үлдэхийн тулд цаашид амьдрах орчны судалгааг гүнзгийрүүлэн хийх шаардлагатай байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Эндемик цох, амьдрах орчин, Ханбогд, тархалт
123
References
S. Ghannem, S. Touaylia, and M. Boumaiza, “Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) as bioindicators of the assessment of environmental pollution,” Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. Int. J., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 456–464, Feb. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2017.1385387.
J. L. Pearce and L. A. Venier, “The use of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and spiders (Araneae) as bioindicators of sustainable forest management: A review,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 780–793, Nov. 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2005.03.005.
J. E. Bicknell, S. P. Phelps, R. G. Davies, D. J. Mann, M. J. Struebig, and Z. G. Davies, “Dung beetles as indicators for rapid impact assessments: Evaluating best practice forestry in the neotropics,” Ecol. Indic., vol. 43, pp. 154–161, Aug. 2014, https://doi.org/10.0.3.248/j.ecolind.2014.02.030.
V. I. Grubov, Key to the vascular plants of Mongolia: (With an atlas). Science: Leningrad. department, 2002.
M. S. Baitenov, Weevil beetles (Coleoptera: Attelabidae, Curculionidae) of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Illustrated guide to genera and catalog of species. Alma-Ata: Nauka Publishing House of the Kazakh SSR, 1974. (in Russian)
M. E. Ter-Minasyan, “Review of weevils of the genus Stephanocleonus Motsch. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae),” Insects of Mongolia, vol. 6, pp. 184-342, 1979. (in Russian)
G. S. Medvedev, “Key to the black beetles of Mongolia,” Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, vol. 220, p. 254, 1990. (in Russian)
G. Sh. Lafer, Key to insects of the Russian Far East, vol. 3.3. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1996. (in Russian)
O.L. Kryzhanovsky, Key to insects in the European part of the USSR. Coleoptera and fanoptera. Sem. Carabidae, vol. 2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1965. (in Russian)
R. Baldi, G. Cheli, D. E. Udrizar Sauthier, A. Gatto, G. E. Pazos, and L. J. Avila, “Animal Diversity, Distribution and Conservation,” in Late Cenozoic of Península Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina: An Interdisciplinary Approach, P. Bouza and A. Bilmes, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 263–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48508-9_11.
G. H. Cheli, R. Carrara, L. Bandieri, and G. E. Flores, “Distribution and environmental determinants of darkling beetles assemblages (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Península Valdés (Argentinean Patagonia),” An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., vol. 93, May 2021, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201282.
J. Cloudsley-Thompson, “Thermal and water relations of desert beetles,” Naturwissenschaften, vol. 88, no. 11, pp. 447–460, Nov. 2001, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140100256.
M. L. Reaka, P. J. Rodgers, and A. U. Kudla, “Patterns of biodiversity and endemism on Indo-West Pacific coral reefs,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 105, no. supplement_1, pp. 11474–11481, Aug. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802594105.
M. Biondi, F. Urbani, and P. D’Alessandro, “Endemism patterns in the Italian leaf beetle fauna (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae),” ZooKeys, vol. 332, pp. 177–205, Sep. 2013, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5339.
R. Perger and F. Guerra, “Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of the Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the Tariquía Flora and Fauna National Reserve, southern Bolivian Andes, with notes on ecoregion endemism and conservation,” Pan-Pac. Entomol., vol. 89, no. 4, pp. 209–221, Oct. 2013, https://doi.org/10.3956/2013-19.1.
I. Löbl et al., “Tenebrionidae,” in Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, vol. 5, Brill, 2020, p. 670.
F.-R. Li, J. L. Liu, T.-S. Sun, L.-F. Ma, L. L. Liu, and K. Yang, “Impact of established shrub shelterbelts around oases on the diversity of ground beetles in arid ecosystems of Northwestern China,” Insect Conserv. Divers., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 135–148, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12152.
C. Noemí Mazía, E. J. Chaneton, and T. Kitzberger, “Small-scale habitat use and assemblage structure of ground-dwelling beetles in a Patagonian shrub steppe,” J. Arid Environ., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 177–194, Oct. 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.006.
C. Robinet and A. Roques, “Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations,” Integr. Zool., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 132–142, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00196.x.
L. Deharveng, “Soil Collembola Diversity, Endemism, and Reforestation: A Case Study in the Pyrenees (France),” Conserv. Biol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 74–84, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10010074.x.
A. P. Schaffers, I. P. Raemakers, K. V. Sýkora, and C. J. F. Ter Braak, “Arthropod assemblages are best predicted by plant species composition,” Ecology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 782–794, Mar. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0361.1.
J. L. Liu, F.-R. Li, C.-A. Liu, and Q.-J. Liu, “Influences of shrub vegetation on distribution and diversity of a ground beetle community in a Gobi desert ecosystem,” Biodivers. Conserv., vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 2601–2619, Sep. 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0320-4.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Batchuluun Buyanjargal, Chuluunbaatar Gantigmaa, Batjargal Baljnyam, Batsuuri Dashnyam, Dandarmaa Bataa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright on any research article in the Proceedings of the Institute of Biology is retained by the author(s).
The authors grant the Proceedings of the Institute of Biology license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
Articles in the Proceedings of the Institute of Biology are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License - CC BY NC.
This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
