Leonurus japonicus Houtt in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications
Keywords:
White Leonurus japonicus, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Clinical ApplicationsAbstract
Background: Leonurus japonicus Houtt. grass (white Leonurus japonicus grass) is a perennial herbaceous plant, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gynecological diseases, cardiovascular protection, and inflammation management. This review integrates current knowledge of plant chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications to promote the integration of evidence-based and contemporary medicine. Method: A detailed literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data, with the search extended to December 2025. The terms "Leonurus japonicus", "plant chemistry", "pharmacology", and "clinical application" are used. Of the 680 articles initially identified, 326 meet the criteria for full-text review because they address the applications and pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, and diterpenes are only a few of the many bioactive compounds found in Leonurus japonicus. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is mostly used to treat hypertension, edema, menstrual problems, and to accelerate recovery after childbirth. Studies on drugs show that they can make the uterus contract, stop bleeding, protect the heart, reduce inflammation, and protect the nervous system. Preliminary clinical evidence shows that it has the effect of preventing postpartum bleeding and relieving dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: Although preclinical evidence supports traditional applications, clinical verification is still insufficient. Future research must prioritize standardized extracts, high-quality randomized controlled trials, and mechanistic studies to fully clarify its therapeutic potential in both traditional Chinese medicine and contemporary medicine.
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